Niacinamide

What is niacinamide and what does it do?

Niacinamide is converted in skin cells into coenzymes involved in energy metabolism and repair. Topically, it supports production of ceramides and other barrier lipids, which helps the skin hold water and resist irritation. It reduces the transfer of melanosomes, the pigment packages, from melanocytes to surrounding skin cells, so it can soften uneven tone without blocking pigment production at the enzyme level. It also has anti-inflammatory effects that make it useful alongside acne and rosacea care, and it may modestly reduce the appearance of oiliness. It is stable, works across a wide pH range and layers easily with most other actives. [1]

What does the evidence show?

Evidence comes from randomised, vehicle-controlled split-face trials, mostly small and several funded by manufacturers, showing modest improvement in hyperpigmented spots, redness, yellowing and fine lines over eight to twelve weeks at around 4–5%. Laboratory work supports the reduced melanosome transfer and barrier-lipid effects. Review articles describe it as well tolerated with a consistent but moderate effect size. It is not a substitute for prescription treatment of melasma or moderate to severe acne.

Who should avoid niacinamide?

Most skin types tolerate niacinamide well. A small number of people notice flushing, stinging or itching, particularly with high concentrations of 10% or more on sensitive or compromised skin; lowering the strength usually resolves this. Anyone with a known reaction to a niacinamide product should stop it. People with active eczema may prefer to introduce it slowly.

Is niacinamide available in Singapore?

Niacinamide is a common cosmetic ingredient and is widely available in serums and moisturisers sold in Singapore. Cosmetic products are notified to the Health Sciences Authority rather than individually approved, so label strength and quality vary. Oral nicotinamide is a separate matter and should be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.

If a dark patch, breakout or irritation is not responding to what you are using, the next step is a diagnosis rather than another product. See the Skin A–Z library for related ingredients.