Ceramides

What are ceramides and what do they do?

Ceramides are lipids that, together with cholesterol and free fatty acids, fill the spaces between cells in the outer skin layer and form the barrier that limits water loss and keeps irritants out. Levels fall with age, in eczema and after over-cleansing or harsh actives, which leads to dryness, sensitivity and flaking. Moisturisers containing ceramides, ideally in a balanced ratio with cholesterol and fatty acids, help replenish this lipid layer. They are commonly used for atopic eczema, dry skin and as a buffer when using retinoids, acids or after procedures. They do not treat pigmentation or wrinkles directly but improve the environment other treatments work in. [1]

What does the evidence show?

Barrier biology research is well established. A systematic review and meta-analysis found ceramide-containing moisturisers improved some measures of eczema compared with other moisturisers, although overall differences were modest and studies varied. Many clinical studies are small or industry-sponsored. Ceramides are reasonable for barrier support, but evidence that they outperform other well-formulated moisturisers is mixed, and formulation matters as much as the ceramide itself.

Who should avoid ceramides?

Ceramide moisturisers are suitable for most people, including those with sensitive or eczema-prone skin. Anyone who reacts to a product should check the full ingredient list, as fragrance, preservatives or other additives are more likely culprits than ceramides themselves. Very oily or acne-prone skin may prefer lighter formulations to avoid a heavy feel.

Are ceramides available in Singapore?

Ceramides are common cosmetic ingredients in moisturisers, cleansers and barrier creams widely available in Singapore pharmacies and retailers. Cosmetic products are notified to the Health Sciences Authority rather than individually approved. Some barrier creams for eczema are marketed in other categories, so check with a doctor or pharmacist if unsure.

If a dark patch, breakout or irritation is not responding to what you are using, the next step is a diagnosis rather than another product. See the Skin A–Z library for related ingredients.